Tenses

The tenses listed are, with examples:

Past perfect continuous: : an action that happened before a certain time in the past, to show duration. For example: I had been going to school for a year when it was closed.

Past perfect: an action that happened before another event in the past. For example: I had washed the car before it rained.

Past continuous: an action that happened at a specific point in the past. For example: I was washing the car when it rained.

Past simple: an action that happened in the past. For example: I went to school.

Present perfect continuous: an action still continuing from the past to the present. For example: I have been learning English for three years.

Present perfect: an action started in the past that has been completed in, or has relevance to, the present. For example: I have already studied the tenses today. Note that the example in the image should be I have gone to school to fit the pattern of examples, it says been as a more commonly used expression (which I need to update!).

Present continuous: an action occurring now. For example: I am studying.

Present simple: a general ongoing, regular or scheduled activity. For example: I take English classes every Monday.

Future perfect continuous: an action at a certain point in the future, expressing duration. For example: I will have been studying English for three years this summer.

Future perfect: an action that finishes in the future, before or at the time of another future action. For example: I will have learned all the tenses by tomorrow.

Future continuous: an action occurring at a specific point in the future. For example: I will be fishing this time next week.

Future simple: an action to be completed in the future. For example: I will go to the cinema.

Excercise: mixed

Future Tenses Exercise

1. The train __________ (to arrive) at 12:30.
2. We __________ (to have) dinner at a seaside restaurant on Sunday.
3. It __________(to snow) in Brighton tomorrow evening.
4. On Friday at 8 o’clock I __________ (to meet) my friend.
5. Paul __________ (to fly) to London on Monday morning.
6. Wait! I __________ (to drive) you to the station.
7. The English lesson __________ (to start) at 8:45.
8. Are you still writing your essay? If you __________ (to finish) by 4pm, we can go for a walk.
9. I __________ (to see) my mother in April.
10. Look at the clouds – it __________ (to rain) in a few minutes.
11. When they __________ (to get) married in March, they __________ (to be) together for six years.
12. You’re carrying too much. I __________ (to open) the door for you.
13. Do you think the teacher __________ (to mark) our homework by Monday morning?
14. When I __________ (to see) you tomorrow, I __________ (show) you my new book.
15. After you __________ (to take) a nap, you __________ (to feel) a lot better
16. I’m sorry but you need to stay in the office until you __________ (to finish) your work.
17. I __________ (to buy) the cigarettes from the corner shop when it __________ (to open).
18. I __________ (to let) you know the second the builders __________ (to finish) decorating.
19. Before we __________ (to start) our lesson, we __________ (to have) a review.
20. We __________ (to wait) in the shelter until the bus __________ (to come).
21. I’m very sorry Dr. Jones __________ (not be) back in the clinic until 2pm.
22. This summer, I __________ (to live) in Brighton for four years.
23. I don’t think you __________ (to have) any problems when you land in Boston.
24. The baby should be due soon, next week she __________ (to be) pregnant for nine months.
25. By the time we get home, they __________ (to play) football for 30 minutes.
26. In  three years I __________ (to live) in a different country.
27. When you __________ (to get) off the train, I __________ (to wait) for you by the ticket machine.
28. __________ (to take) your children with you to France?
29. This time next week I __________ (ski) in Switzerland!
30. Now I __________ (to check) my answers.

Future tenses Exercise Answers

1. The train arrives at 12:30.
2. We are going to have dinner at a seaside restaurant on Sunday.
3. It will snow in Brighton tomorrow evening. (or is going to snow)
4. On Friday at 8 o’clock I am meeting my friend. (or am going to meet)
5. Paul is flying to London on Monday morning.
6. Wait! I will drive you to the station.
7. The English lesson starts at 8:45.
8. Are you still writing your essay? If you finish by 4pm, we can go for a walk.
9. I am going to see my mother in April.
10. Look at the clouds – it is going to rain in a few minutes. (or will rain)
11. When they get married in March, they will have been together for six years.
12. You’re carrying too much. I will open the door for you.
13. Do you think the teacher will have marked our homework by Monday morning?
14. When I see you tomorrow, I will show you my new book.
15. After you take a nap, you will feel a lot better. (or have taken)
16. I’m sorry but you need to stay in the office until you have finished your work. (or finish)
17. I will buy the cigarettes from the corner shop when it opens.
18. I will let you know the second the builders have finished decorating. (orfinish)
19. Before we start our lesson, we are going to have a review. (or will have)
20. We will wait in the shelter until the bus comes.
21. I’m very sorry Dr. Jones won’t back in the clinic until 2pm.
22. This summer, I will have been living in Brighton for four years.
23. I don’t think you will have any problems when you land in Boston. (or are going to have)
24. The baby should be due soon, next week she will have been pregnant for nine months.
25. By the time we get home, they will have been playing football for 30 minutes.
26. In  three years I am going to live in a different country. (or will live)
27. When you get off the train, I will be waiting for you by the ticket machine.
28. Are you going to take your children with you to France?
29. This time next week I will be skiing in Switzerland!
30. Now I will check my answers. (or am going to)

Difference between see, watch and look. Difference between hear and listen.

used to + infinitive, be/get used to + ing/ noun

‘used to + infinitive’ and ‘be/get used to’

People often get confused about the use of used to + infinitive and be/get used to + ‘ing’ formbecause they look similar. They are, however, completely different.

‘used to + infinitive’

We use ‘used to’ to talk about things that happened in the past – actions or states – that no longer happen now.

• She used to be a long distance runner when she was younger.
• I used to eat meat but I became a vegetarian 5 years ago.

The negative is ‘didn’t use to’ and questions are formed with ‘Did you use to …?’
There is no present tense equivalent of ‘used to’. To talk about present habits we use the present simple and an adverb of frequency (usually, always, often, never, etc.)
e.g. I often eat at the Japanese restaurant in the city centre.

‘be/get used to’

If you are used to something, you are accustomed to it – you don’t find it unusual. If you get used tosomething or you are getting used to something you are becoming accustomed to it – it was strange, now it’s not so strange.

• I found Slovak food very strange at first but I’m used to it now.
• I’m getting used to driving on the right.

Both ‘be used to’ and ‘get used to’ are followed by a noun (or pronoun) or the gerund – the ‘ing’ form of a verb.

• I can’t get used to getting up so early. I’m tired all the time.
• He’s not used to the weather here yet. He’s finding it very cold.

‘Be/get used to’ can be used with past, present and future tenses.

• You might find it strange at first but you’ll soon get used to it.
• He wasn’t used to the heat and he caught sunstroke.

Exercises

Imperatives

exercises
more exercises

Phrasal Verbs with put, come, go, take, have and more

VE AGAINST: dislike; hold a grudge for a specific reason

HAVE SOMETHING ON SOMEBODY: to know something that may harm someone

HAVE IT IN FOR: dislike; hold a grudge

HAVE IT OUT WITH: discuss or argue something in an attempt to improve a situation

HAVE UP ON CHARGES: accuse someone of breaking a law

HAVE OFF: to take leave from work

Collocations

What is a collocation?

A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong". Look at these examples:

natural English...	unnatural English...
the fast train fast food	the quick train quick food
a quick shower a quick meal	a fast shower a fast meal

Types of collocation

There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of verb, noun, adjective etc. Some of the most common types are:

• adverb + adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
• adjective + noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
• noun + noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
• noun + verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
• verb + noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
• verb + expression with preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
• verb + adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)

Sample Collocations

There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective + adverb, noun + noun, verb + noun and so on. Below you can see seven main types of collocation in sample sentences.

1. adverb + adjective

• Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.
• We entered a richly decorated room.
• Are you fully aware of the implications of your action?

2. adjective + noun

• The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.
• The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
• He was writhing on the ground in excruciating pain.

3. noun + noun

• Let's give Mr Jones a round of applause.
• The ceasefire agreement came into effect at 11am.
• I'd like to buy two bars of soap please.

4. noun + verb

• The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.
• Snow was falling as our plane took off.
• The bomb went off when he started the car engine.

5. verb + noun

• The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.
• I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed.
• He has been asked to give a presentation about his work.

6. verb + expression with preposition

• We had to return home because we had run out of money.
• At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears.
• Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime.

7. verb + adverb

• She placed her keys gently on the table and sat down.
• Mary whispered softly in John's ear.
• I vaguely remember that it was growing dark when we left.

Common Collocations

On this page you can find a few short lists of common collocations to give you more of an idea about them. Many good learner's dictionaries show collocations associated with specific words. There are also dictionaries of collocations, though these are more difficult to find.

Verb collocations

have	do	make
have a bath have a drink have a good time have a haircut have a holiday have a problem have a relationship have a rest have lunch have sympathy	do business do nothing do someone a favour do the cooking do the housework do the shopping do the washing up do your best do your hair do your homework	make a difference make a mess make a mistake make a noise make an effort make furniture make money make progress make room make trouble
take	break	catch
take a break take a chance take a look take a rest take a seat take a taxi take an exam take notes take someone's place take someone's temperature	break a habit break a leg break a promise break a record break a window break someone's heart break the ice break the law break the news to someone break the rules	catch a ball catch a bus catch a chill catch a cold catch a thief catch fire catch sight of catch someone's attention catch someone's eye catch the flu
pay	save	keep
pay a fine pay attention pay by credit card pay cash pay interest pay someone a compliment pay someone a visit pay the bill pay the price pay your respects	save electricity save energy save money save one's strength save someone a seat save someone's life save something to a disk save space save time save yourself the trouble	keep a diary keep a promise keep a secret keep an appointment keep calm keep control keep in touch keep quiet keep someone's place keep the change
come	go	get
come close come complete with come direct come early come first come into view come last come late come on time come prepared come right back come second come to a compromise come to a decision come to an agreement come to an end come to a standstill come to terms with come to a total of come under attack	go abroad go astray go bad go bald go bankrupt go blind go crazy go dark go deaf go fishing go mad go missing go on foot go online go out of business go overseas go quiet go sailing go to war go yellow	get a job get a shock get angry get divorced get drunk get frightened get home get lost get married get nowhere get permission get pregnant get ready get started get the impression get the message get the sack get upset get wet get worried

Miscellaneous collocations

Time	Business English	Classifiers
bang on time dead on time early 12th century free time from dawn till dusk great deal of time late 20th century make time for next few days past few weeks right on time run out of time save time spare time spend some time take your time tell someone the time time goes by time passes waste time	annual turnover bear in mind break off negotiations cease trading chair a meeting close a deal close a meeting come to the point dismiss an offer draw a conclusion draw your attention to launch a new product lay off staff go bankrupt go into partnership make a loss make a profit market forces sales figures take on staff	a ball of string a bar of chocolate a bottle of water a bunch of carrots a cube of sugar a pack of cards a pad of paper

do/make Collocations Quiz

(You can also print this quiz on paper.)

1. What do you -- a) do b) make  for a living?	Ans. a
2. Have you -- a) made b) done  your homework yet?	Ans. b
3. Have you -- a) made b) done  a decision yet?	Ans. a
4. Amber -- a) did b) made  badly in her geography exam.	Ans. a
5. The children -- a) made b) did  a mess in the kitchen.	Ans. a
6. We are having guests tonight, so please -- a) do b) make  your bed.	Ans. b
7. I only -- a) made b) did  one mistake in my English test.	Ans. a
8. I'd like to ask you to -- a) do b) make  me a favour.	Ans. a
9. My husband -- a) does b) makes  the grocery shopping.	Ans. a
10. Please excuse me while I -- a) make b) do  a phonecall.	Ans. a

Time Collocations Quiz

(You can also print this quiz on paper.)

1. He arrived exactly at 11am, -- a) bang b) straight  on time.	Ans. a
2. What do you do in your -- a) free b) loose  time?	Ans. a
3. We couldn't finish because we -- a) ran through b) ran out of  time.	Ans. b
4. If we take this short cut we'll -- a) grow b) save  some time.	Ans. b
5. I -- a) damaged b) wasted  time, and now doth time waste me. (Shakespeare)	Ans. b
6. There have been several burglaries in the -- a) past few b) few past  weeks.	Ans. a
7. The Internet was developed in the -- a) last 20th b) late 20th  century.	Ans. b
8. They have no time. They work -- a) from dawn to b) from day to  dusk.	Ans. a
9. You'll forget it -- a) when time comes b) as time goes  by.	Ans. b
10. Can you -- a) make time b) cut time  for me this weekend?	Ans. a

Linking words and expressions to show contrast

Notes:

- "but" is more informal than "however". You can use "however" at the beginning of a sentence, but you can’t use "but" at the beginning of a sentence (in written English)

- we can use "although" at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. It is used in front of a clause (a clause has at least a subject and a verb that agrees with the subject)

- be careful not to use “despite of” – that is incorrect; also note that “in spite of” is 3 separate words

- “even though” has the same grammar as “although”: it is just a little bit stronger

- a variation of “even though” is “even if”

- “much as” is a very strong form of “although” – another variation of it is “however much”

- “no matter” is normally followed by “how” and an adjective (“no matter how harmful”)

- if you want to use “as” for contrast, you need to an adjective before it (“harmful as it is”)