jueves, 13 de octubre de 2016

Tenses

The tenses listed are, with examples:
Past perfect continuous: : an action that happened before a certain time in the past, to show duration. For example: I had been going to school for a year when it was closed.
Past perfect: an action that happened before another event in the past. For example: I had washed the car before it rained.
Past continuous: an action that happened at a specific point in the past. For example: I was washing the car when it rained.
Past simple: an action that happened in the past. For example: I went to school.
Present perfect continuous: an action still continuing from the past to the present. For example: I have been learning English for three years.
Present perfect: an action started in the past that has been completed in, or has relevance to, the present. For example: I have already studied the tenses today. Note that the example in the image should be I have gone to school to fit the pattern of examplesit says been as a more commonly used expression (which I need to update!).
Present continuous: an action occurring now. For example: I am studying.
Present simple: a general ongoing, regular or scheduled activity. For example: I take English classes every Monday.
Future perfect continuous: an action at a certain point in the future, expressing duration. For example: I will have been studying English for three years this summer.
Future perfect: an action that finishes in the future, before or at the time of another future action. For example: I will have learned all the tenses by tomorrow.
Future continuous: an action occurring at a specific point in the future. For example: I will be fishing this time next week.
Future simple: an action to be completed in the future. For example: I will go to the cinema.

Excercise: mixed

Future Tenses Exercise

  1. The train __________ (to arrive) at 12:30.
  2. We __________ (to have) dinner at a seaside restaurant on Sunday.
  3. It __________(to snow) in Brighton tomorrow evening.
  4. On Friday at 8 o’clock I __________ (to meet) my friend.
  5. Paul __________ (to fly) to London on Monday morning.
  6. Wait! I __________ (to drive) you to the station.
  7. The English lesson __________ (to start) at 8:45.
  8. Are you still writing your essay? If you __________ (to finish) by 4pm, we can go for a walk.
  9. I __________ (to see) my mother in April.
  10. Look at the clouds – it __________ (to rain) in a few minutes.
  11. When they __________ (to get) married in March, they __________ (to be) together for six years.
  12. You’re carrying too much. I __________ (to open) the door for you.
  13. Do you think the teacher __________ (to mark) our homework by Monday morning?
  14. When I __________ (to see) you tomorrow, I __________ (show) you my new book.
  15. After you __________ (to take) a nap, you __________ (to feel) a lot better
  16. I’m sorry but you need to stay in the office until you __________ (to finish) your work.
  17. I __________ (to buy) the cigarettes from the corner shop when it __________ (to open).
  18. I __________ (to let) you know the second the builders __________ (to finish) decorating.
  19. Before we __________ (to start) our lesson, we __________ (to have) a review.
  20. We __________ (to wait) in the shelter until the bus __________ (to come).
  21. I’m very sorry Dr. Jones __________ (not be) back in the clinic until 2pm.
  22. This summer, I __________ (to live) in Brighton for four years.
  23. I don’t think you __________ (to have) any problems when you land in Boston.
  24. The baby should be due soon, next week she __________ (to be) pregnant for nine months.
  25. By the time we get home, they __________ (to play) football for 30 minutes.
  26. In  three years I __________ (to live) in a different country.
  27. When you __________ (to get) off the train, I __________ (to wait) for you by the ticket machine.
  28. __________ (to take) your children with you to France?
  29. This time next week I __________ (ski) in Switzerland!
  30. Now I __________ (to check) my answers.

Future tenses Exercise Answers

  1. The train arrives at 12:30.
  2. We are going to have dinner at a seaside restaurant on Sunday.
  3. It will snow in Brighton tomorrow evening. (or is going to snow)
  4. On Friday at 8 o’clock I am meeting my friend. (or am going to meet)
  5. Paul is flying to London on Monday morning.
  6. Wait! I will drive you to the station.
  7. The English lesson starts at 8:45.
  8. Are you still writing your essay? If you finish by 4pm, we can go for a walk.
  9. am going to see my mother in April.
  10. Look at the clouds – it is going to rain in a few minutes. (or will rain)
  11. When they get married in March, they will have been together for six years.
  12. You’re carrying too much. I will open the door for you.
  13. Do you think the teacher will have marked our homework by Monday morning?
  14. When I see you tomorrow, I will show you my new book.
  15. After you take a nap, you will feel a lot better. (or have taken)
  16. I’m sorry but you need to stay in the office until you have finished your work. (or finish)
  17. will buy the cigarettes from the corner shop when it opens.
  18. will let you know the second the builders have finished decorating. (orfinish)
  19. Before we start our lesson, we are going to have a review. (or will have)
  20. We will wait in the shelter until the bus comes.
  21. I’m very sorry Dr. Jones won’t back in the clinic until 2pm.
  22. This summer, I will have been living in Brighton for four years.
  23. I don’t think you will have any problems when you land in Boston. (or are going to have)
  24. The baby should be due soon, next week she will have been pregnant for nine months.
  25. By the time we get home, they will have been playing football for 30 minutes.
  26. In  three years I am going to live in a different country. (or will live)
  27. When you get off the train, I will be waiting for you by the ticket machine.
  28. Are you going to take your children with you to France?
  29. This time next week I will be skiing in Switzerland!
  30. Now I will check my answers. (or am going to)

martes, 27 de septiembre de 2016

used to + infinitive, be/get used to + ing/ noun

‘used to + infinitive’ and ‘be/get used to’

People often get confused about the use of used to + infinitive and be/get used to + ‘ing’ formbecause they look similar. They are, however, completely different.

‘used to + infinitive’

We use ‘used to’ to talk about things that happened in the past – actions or states – that no longer happen now.
  • She used to be a long distance runner when she was younger.
  • I used to eat meat but I became a vegetarian 5 years ago.
The negative is ‘didn’t use to’ and questions are formed with ‘Did you use to …?’
There is no present tense equivalent of ‘used to’. To talk about present habits we use the present simple and an adverb of frequency (usually, always, often, never, etc.)
e.g. I often eat at the Japanese restaurant in the city centre.

‘be/get used to’

If you are used to something, you are accustomed to it – you don’t find it unusual. If you get used tosomething or you are getting used to something you are becoming accustomed to it – it was strange, now it’s not so strange.
  • I found Slovak food very strange at first but I’m used to it now.
  • I’m getting used to driving on the right.
Both ‘be used to’ and ‘get used to’ are followed by a noun (or pronoun) or the gerund – the ‘ing’ form of a verb.
  • I can’t get used to getting up so early. I’m tired all the time.
  • He’s not used to the weather here yet. He’s finding it very cold.
Be/get used to’ can be used with past, present and future tenses.
  • You might find it strange at first but you’ll soon get used to it.
  • He wasn’t used to the heat and he caught sunstroke.

Imperatives

Resultado de imagen de imperatives

exercises
more exercises

martes, 20 de septiembre de 2016

Phrasal Verbs with put, come, go, take, have and more






VE AGAINST: dislike; hold a grudge for a specific reason
HAVE SOMETHING ON SOMEBODY: to know something that may harm someone
HAVE IT IN FOR: dislike; hold a grudge
HAVE IT OUT WITH: discuss or argue something in an attempt to improve a situation
HAVE UP ON CHARGES: accuse someone of breaking a law
HAVE OFF: to take leave from work



Collocations

What is a collocation?

A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong". Look at these examples:
natural English...unnatural English...
the fast train
fast food
the quick train
quick food
a quick shower
a quick meal
fast shower
fast meal

Types of collocation

There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of verb, noun, adjective etc. Some of the most common types are:
  • adverb + adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
  • adjective + noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
  • noun + noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
  • noun + verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
  • verb + noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
  • verb + expression with preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
  • verb + adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)

Sample Collocations

There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective + adverb, noun + noun, verb + noun and so on. Below you can see seven main types of collocation in sample sentences.
1. adverb + adjective
  • Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.
  • We entered a richly decorated room.
  • Are you fully aware of the implications of your action?
2. adjective + noun
  • The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.
  • The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
  • He was writhing on the ground in excruciating pain.
3. noun + noun
  • Let's give Mr Jones a round of applause.
  • The ceasefire agreement came into effect at 11am.
  • I'd like to buy two bars of soap please.
4. noun + verb
  • The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.
  • Snow was falling as our plane took off.
  • The bomb went off when he started the car engine.
5. verb + noun
  • The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.
  • I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed.
  • He has been asked to give a presentation about his work.
6. verb + expression with preposition
  • We had to return home because we had run out of money.
  • At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears.
  • Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime.
7. verb + adverb
  • She placed her keys gently on the table and sat down.
  • Mary whispered softly in John's ear.
  • vaguely remember that it was growing dark when we left.

Common Collocations

On this page you can find a few short lists of common collocations to give you more of an idea about them. Many good learner's dictionaries show collocations associated with specific words. There are also dictionaries of collocations, though these are more difficult to find.

Verb collocations

havedomake
have a bath
have a drink
have a good time
have a haircut
have a holiday
have a problem
have a relationship
have a rest
have lunch
have sympathy
do business
do nothing
do someone a favour
do the cooking
do the housework
do the shopping
do the washing up
do your best
do your hair
do your homework
make a difference
make a mess
make a mistake
make a noise
make an effort
make furniture
make money
make progress
make room
make trouble
takebreakcatch
take a break
take a chance
take a look
take a rest
take a seat
take a taxi
take an exam
take notes
take someone's place
take someone's temperature
break a habit
break a leg
break a promise
break a record
break a window
break someone's heart
break the ice
break the law
break the news to someone
break the rules
catch a ball
catch a bus
catch a chill
catch a cold
catch a thief
catch fire
catch sight of
catch someone's attention
catch someone's eye
catch the flu
paysavekeep
pay a fine
pay attention
pay by credit card
pay cash
pay interest
pay someone a compliment
pay someone a visit
pay the bill
pay the price
pay your respects
save electricity
save energy
save money
save one's strength
save someone a seat
save someone's life
save something to a disk
save space
save time
save yourself the trouble
keep a diary
keep a promise
keep a secret
keep an appointment
keep calm
keep control
keep in touch
keep quiet
keep someone's place
keep the change
comegoget
come close
come complete with
come direct
come early
come first
come into view
come last
come late
come on time
come prepared
come right back
come second
come to a compromise
come to a decision
come to an agreement
come to an end
come to a standstill
come to terms with
come to a total of
come under attack
go abroad
go astray
go bad
go bald
go bankrupt
go blind
go crazy
go dark
go deaf
go fishing
go mad
go missing
go on foot
go online
go out of business
go overseas
go quiet
go sailing
go to war
go yellow
get a job
get a shock
get angry
get divorced
get drunk
get frightened
get home
get lost
get married
get nowhere
get permission
get pregnant
get ready
get started
get the impression
get the message
get the sack
get upset
get wet
get worried

Miscellaneous collocations

TimeBusiness EnglishClassifiers
bang on time
dead on time
early 12th century
free time
from dawn till dusk
great deal of time
late 20th century
make time for
next few days
past few weeks
right on time
run out of time
save time
spare time
spend some time
take your time
tell someone the time
time goes by
time passes
waste time
annual turnover
bear in mind
break off negotiations
cease trading
chair a meeting
close a deal
close a meeting
come to the point
dismiss an offer
draw a conclusion
draw your attention to
launch a new product
lay off staff
go bankrupt
go into partnership
make a loss
make a profit
market forces
sales figures
take on staff
a ball of string

a bar of chocolate

a bottle of water

a bunch of carrots

a cube of sugar

a pack of cards

a pad of paper

do/make Collocations Quiz

(You can also print this quiz on paper.)
1. What do you  for a living?
2. Have you  your homework yet?
3. Have you  a decision yet?
4. Amber  badly in her geography exam.
5. The children  a mess in the kitchen.
6. We are having guests tonight, so please  your bed.
7. I only  one mistake in my English test.
8. I'd like to ask you to  me a favour.
9. My husband  the grocery shopping.
10. Please excuse me while I  a phonecall.

Time Collocations Quiz

(You can also print this quiz on paper.)
1. He arrived exactly at 11am,  on time.
2. What do you do in your  time?
3. We couldn't finish because we  time.
4. If we take this short cut we'll  some time.
5. I  time, and now doth time waste me. (Shakespeare)
6. There have been several burglaries in the  weeks.
7. The Internet was developed in the  century.
8. They have no time. They work  dusk.
9. You'll forget it  by.
10. Can you  for me this weekend?

Linking words and expressions to show contrast



Notes:
- "but" is more informal than "however"You can use "however" at the beginning of a sentence, but you can’t use "but" at the beginning of a sentence (in written English)
- we can use "although" at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. It is used in front of a clause (a clause has at least a subject and a verb that agrees with the subject)
- be careful not to use “despite of” – that is incorrect; also note that “in spite of” is 3 separate words
- “even though” has the same grammar as “although”: it is just a little bit stronger
- a variation of “even though” is “even if”
- “much as” is a very strong form of “although” – another variation of it is “however much”
- “no matter” is normally followed by “how” and an adjective (“no matter how harmful”)
- if you want to use “as” for contrast, you need to an adjective before it (“harmful as it is”)

Linking words formal/informal

Riddles

Have/get something done



If you 'have/get something done', you get somebody else to do something for you.
The grammar for this is pretty simple: Have (Get) + object + past participle
NOTE: The differences between have and get something done are that have is slightly more formal than get, and that get is more frequent than have in the imperative form.

Examples:
  • I'm going to have my hair cut.
  • I got the bill sent direct to the company.

Future:
'I had my watch fixed' tells us about the past.
'I am going to have / get my watch fixed' tells us about the future.

Questions:
Did you have your car fixed?

Using have something done for bad things:
Jenny had her car stolen.

Asking or instructing:
I’ll have Harry book you a taxi.

Talking about an experience:
Her story had us laughing so much.

English Tenses

Great table to understand English tenses: