used to + infinitive, be/get used to + ing/ noun

‘used to + infinitive’ and ‘be/get used to’

People often get confused about the use of used to + infinitive and be/get used to + ‘ing’ formbecause they look similar. They are, however, completely different.

‘used to + infinitive’

We use ‘used to’ to talk about things that happened in the past – actions or states – that no longer happen now.

• She used to be a long distance runner when she was younger.
• I used to eat meat but I became a vegetarian 5 years ago.

The negative is ‘didn’t use to’ and questions are formed with ‘Did you use to …?’
There is no present tense equivalent of ‘used to’. To talk about present habits we use the present simple and an adverb of frequency (usually, always, often, never, etc.)
e.g. I often eat at the Japanese restaurant in the city centre.

‘be/get used to’

If you are used to something, you are accustomed to it – you don’t find it unusual. If you get used tosomething or you are getting used to something you are becoming accustomed to it – it was strange, now it’s not so strange.

• I found Slovak food very strange at first but I’m used to it now.
• I’m getting used to driving on the right.

Both ‘be used to’ and ‘get used to’ are followed by a noun (or pronoun) or the gerund – the ‘ing’ form of a verb.

• I can’t get used to getting up so early. I’m tired all the time.
• He’s not used to the weather here yet. He’s finding it very cold.

‘Be/get used to’ can be used with past, present and future tenses.

• You might find it strange at first but you’ll soon get used to it.
• He wasn’t used to the heat and he caught sunstroke.

Exercises

Imperatives

exercises
more exercises

Phrasal Verbs with put, come, go, take, have and more

VE AGAINST: dislike; hold a grudge for a specific reason

HAVE SOMETHING ON SOMEBODY: to know something that may harm someone

HAVE IT IN FOR: dislike; hold a grudge

HAVE IT OUT WITH: discuss or argue something in an attempt to improve a situation

HAVE UP ON CHARGES: accuse someone of breaking a law

HAVE OFF: to take leave from work

Collocations

What is a collocation?

A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong". Look at these examples:

natural English...	unnatural English...
the fast train fast food	the quick train quick food
a quick shower a quick meal	a fast shower a fast meal

Types of collocation

There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of verb, noun, adjective etc. Some of the most common types are:

• adverb + adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
• adjective + noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
• noun + noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
• noun + verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
• verb + noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
• verb + expression with preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
• verb + adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)

Sample Collocations

There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective + adverb, noun + noun, verb + noun and so on. Below you can see seven main types of collocation in sample sentences.

1. adverb + adjective

• Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.
• We entered a richly decorated room.
• Are you fully aware of the implications of your action?

2. adjective + noun

• The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.
• The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
• He was writhing on the ground in excruciating pain.

3. noun + noun

• Let's give Mr Jones a round of applause.
• The ceasefire agreement came into effect at 11am.
• I'd like to buy two bars of soap please.

4. noun + verb

• The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.
• Snow was falling as our plane took off.
• The bomb went off when he started the car engine.

5. verb + noun

• The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.
• I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed.
• He has been asked to give a presentation about his work.

6. verb + expression with preposition

• We had to return home because we had run out of money.
• At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears.
• Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime.

7. verb + adverb

• She placed her keys gently on the table and sat down.
• Mary whispered softly in John's ear.
• I vaguely remember that it was growing dark when we left.

Common Collocations

On this page you can find a few short lists of common collocations to give you more of an idea about them. Many good learner's dictionaries show collocations associated with specific words. There are also dictionaries of collocations, though these are more difficult to find.

Verb collocations

have	do	make
have a bath have a drink have a good time have a haircut have a holiday have a problem have a relationship have a rest have lunch have sympathy	do business do nothing do someone a favour do the cooking do the housework do the shopping do the washing up do your best do your hair do your homework	make a difference make a mess make a mistake make a noise make an effort make furniture make money make progress make room make trouble
take	break	catch
take a break take a chance take a look take a rest take a seat take a taxi take an exam take notes take someone's place take someone's temperature	break a habit break a leg break a promise break a record break a window break someone's heart break the ice break the law break the news to someone break the rules	catch a ball catch a bus catch a chill catch a cold catch a thief catch fire catch sight of catch someone's attention catch someone's eye catch the flu
pay	save	keep
pay a fine pay attention pay by credit card pay cash pay interest pay someone a compliment pay someone a visit pay the bill pay the price pay your respects	save electricity save energy save money save one's strength save someone a seat save someone's life save something to a disk save space save time save yourself the trouble	keep a diary keep a promise keep a secret keep an appointment keep calm keep control keep in touch keep quiet keep someone's place keep the change
come	go	get
come close come complete with come direct come early come first come into view come last come late come on time come prepared come right back come second come to a compromise come to a decision come to an agreement come to an end come to a standstill come to terms with come to a total of come under attack	go abroad go astray go bad go bald go bankrupt go blind go crazy go dark go deaf go fishing go mad go missing go on foot go online go out of business go overseas go quiet go sailing go to war go yellow	get a job get a shock get angry get divorced get drunk get frightened get home get lost get married get nowhere get permission get pregnant get ready get started get the impression get the message get the sack get upset get wet get worried

Miscellaneous collocations

Time	Business English	Classifiers
bang on time dead on time early 12th century free time from dawn till dusk great deal of time late 20th century make time for next few days past few weeks right on time run out of time save time spare time spend some time take your time tell someone the time time goes by time passes waste time	annual turnover bear in mind break off negotiations cease trading chair a meeting close a deal close a meeting come to the point dismiss an offer draw a conclusion draw your attention to launch a new product lay off staff go bankrupt go into partnership make a loss make a profit market forces sales figures take on staff	a ball of string a bar of chocolate a bottle of water a bunch of carrots a cube of sugar a pack of cards a pad of paper

do/make Collocations Quiz

(You can also print this quiz on paper.)

1. What do you -- a) do b) make  for a living?	Ans. a
2. Have you -- a) made b) done  your homework yet?	Ans. b
3. Have you -- a) made b) done  a decision yet?	Ans. a
4. Amber -- a) did b) made  badly in her geography exam.	Ans. a
5. The children -- a) made b) did  a mess in the kitchen.	Ans. a
6. We are having guests tonight, so please -- a) do b) make  your bed.	Ans. b
7. I only -- a) made b) did  one mistake in my English test.	Ans. a
8. I'd like to ask you to -- a) do b) make  me a favour.	Ans. a
9. My husband -- a) does b) makes  the grocery shopping.	Ans. a
10. Please excuse me while I -- a) make b) do  a phonecall.	Ans. a

Time Collocations Quiz

(You can also print this quiz on paper.)

1. He arrived exactly at 11am, -- a) bang b) straight  on time.	Ans. a
2. What do you do in your -- a) free b) loose  time?	Ans. a
3. We couldn't finish because we -- a) ran through b) ran out of  time.	Ans. b
4. If we take this short cut we'll -- a) grow b) save  some time.	Ans. b
5. I -- a) damaged b) wasted  time, and now doth time waste me. (Shakespeare)	Ans. b
6. There have been several burglaries in the -- a) past few b) few past  weeks.	Ans. a
7. The Internet was developed in the -- a) last 20th b) late 20th  century.	Ans. b
8. They have no time. They work -- a) from dawn to b) from day to  dusk.	Ans. a
9. You'll forget it -- a) when time comes b) as time goes  by.	Ans. b
10. Can you -- a) make time b) cut time  for me this weekend?	Ans. a

Linking words and expressions to show contrast

Notes:

- "but" is more informal than "however". You can use "however" at the beginning of a sentence, but you can’t use "but" at the beginning of a sentence (in written English)

- we can use "although" at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. It is used in front of a clause (a clause has at least a subject and a verb that agrees with the subject)

- be careful not to use “despite of” – that is incorrect; also note that “in spite of” is 3 separate words

- “even though” has the same grammar as “although”: it is just a little bit stronger

- a variation of “even though” is “even if”

- “much as” is a very strong form of “although” – another variation of it is “however much”

- “no matter” is normally followed by “how” and an adjective (“no matter how harmful”)

- if you want to use “as” for contrast, you need to an adjective before it (“harmful as it is”)

Linking words formal/informal

Riddles

Have/get something done

If you 'have/get something done', you get somebody else to do something for you.

The grammar for this is pretty simple: Have (Get) + object + past participle

NOTE: The differences between have and get something done are that have is slightly more formal than get, and that get is more frequent than have in the imperative form.

Examples:

• I'm going to have my hair cut.
• I got the bill sent direct to the company.

Future:

'I had my watch fixed' tells us about the past.
'I am going to have / get my watch fixed' tells us about the future.

Questions:

Did you have your car fixed?

Using have something done for bad things:

Jenny had her car stolen.

Asking or instructing:

I’ll have Harry book you a taxi.

Talking about an experience:

Her story had us laughing so much.

English Tenses

Great table to understand English tenses: